{"id":3128,"date":"2008-04-16T14:26:37","date_gmt":"2008-04-16T14:26:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mst\/2008\/04\/16\/prticas-na-agricultura-moderna-precisam-mudar-conclui-relatrio-a-ser-apresentado-pela-unesco\/"},"modified":"2017-10-02T21:39:26","modified_gmt":"2017-10-02T21:39:26","slug":"prticas-na-agricultura-moderna-precisam-mudar-conclui-relatrio-a-ser-apresentado-pela-unesco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/2008\/04\/16\/prticas-na-agricultura-moderna-precisam-mudar-conclui-relatrio-a-ser-apresentado-pela-unesco\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ticas na agricultura moderna precisam mudar, conclui relat\u00f3rio a ser apresentado pela UNESCO"},"content":{"rendered":"

15 de Abril de 2008<\/span><\/p>\n

Biocombust\u00edveis, safras geneticamente modificadas, uso de tecnologia tradicional, impacto na mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica… Em tempos de alta recorde de pre\u00e7os dos produtos agr\u00edcolas, um relat\u00f3rio apresentado hoje, 15 de abril, na UNESCO relata a necessidade crescente de mudar as regras da agricultura moderna ONU diz que pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas precisam mudar.<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

Um relat\u00f3rio encomendado por uma ag\u00eancia da ONU (Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas) publicado nesta ter\u00e7a-feira afirma que \u00e9 preciso mudar as regras e pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas atuais para combater a alta do pre\u00e7o dos alimentos. \u00abNeg\u00f3cios como antigamente n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais uma op\u00e7\u00e3o\u00bb, diz o relat\u00f3rio. \u00abO aumento do custo de produ\u00e7\u00e3o dos alimentos pode colocar milh\u00f5es de pessoas abaixo da linha da pobreza.\u00bb O estudo, publicado pela Unesco em Paris, pede mais \u00eanfase para a prote\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais. \u00a0O documento defende o uso de t\u00e9cnicas de agricultura mais naturais e ecol\u00f3gicas, inclusive com a redu\u00e7\u00e3o da dist\u00e2ncia entre a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e os consumidores.<\/p>\n

Proibi\u00e7\u00e3o a transg\u00eanicos<\/p>\n

Para a Am\u00e9rica Latina e o Caribe, o relat\u00f3rio se centrou no combate \u00e0 pobreza e na quest\u00e3o dos transg\u00eanicos. O documento afirma que o aumento da produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola na regi\u00e3o n\u00e3o gerou redu\u00e7\u00e3o na pobreza, que ainda afeta 37% dos latino-americanos e caribenhos. \u00a0Em vez disso, diz o estudo, \u00aba importa\u00e7\u00e3o de alimentos criou depend\u00eancia e trouxe preju\u00edzos \u00e0 produ\u00e7\u00e3o local\u00bb. Os autores recomendam que os governos pro\u00edbam o consumo e o plantio de colheitas transg\u00eanicas –como algod\u00e3o, soja, milho e canola– para evitar a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o e preservar a diversidade gen\u00e9tica. \u00abA crit\u00e9rio de cada pa\u00eds, o marco regulat\u00f3rio pode incluir a possibilidade de impedir o uso (de transg\u00eanicos) nos centros de origem e diversidade gen\u00e9tica\u00bb, diz o documento.<\/p>\n

\u00abEm regi\u00f5es ou pa\u00edses que optem por produzir transg\u00eanicos, a regula\u00e7\u00e3o deveria se basear no princ\u00edpio da precau\u00e7\u00e3o e no direito dos consumidores de ter uma escolha informada, por exemplo, por meio de etiquetas\u00bb, acrescenta o relat\u00f3rio. \u00a0\u00abAs conseq\u00fc\u00eancias das tecnologias emergentes sobre as metas de sustentabilidade ainda s\u00e3o muito debatidas\u00bb, avaliam os autores. \u00abA possibilidade de contamina\u00e7\u00e3o gen\u00e9tica de algumas esp\u00e9cies est\u00e1 demonstrada e deve ser parte indispens\u00e1vel das pol\u00edticas de biosseguran\u00e7a, que, ao mesmo tempo, devem evitar a contamina\u00e7\u00e3o de outros sistemas produtivos livres de transg\u00eanicos.\u00bb<\/p>\n

Custos<\/p>\n

O texto \u00e9 resultado de tr\u00eas anos de trabalho conjunto de cientistas e outros especialistas, al\u00e9m de governos de pa\u00edses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O relat\u00f3rio da Unesco conclui que o progresso na agricultura trouxe benef\u00edcios muito desiguais, com altos custos sociais e ambientais. \u00a0A Unesco cita tamb\u00e9m a \u00abinflu\u00eancia consider\u00e1vel\u00bb de grandes corpora\u00e7\u00f5es transnacionais na Am\u00e9rica do Norte e na Europa. O texto diz que \u00e9 preciso agir para conter a crise, que deve continuar se agravando com o aumento da demanda por alimentos em pa\u00edses como China e \u00cdndia e com o uso de milho e soja para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis. O informe contou com a participa\u00e7\u00e3o de mais de 400 cientistas internacionais, governos, membros da sociedade civile ind\u00fastria.<\/p>\n

\n

\n

English:<\/p>\n

\nModern agricultural practices must change, concludes report to be presented at UNESCO At a time of record high prices for agricultural products, the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD)* will release its report on the state of global agriculture on 15 April at UNESCO. The report considers such major issues as biofuels, GM crops, use of traditional know-how, impact of climate change, and underlines the pressing need to change the rules of modern agriculture.<\/p>\n

Two of the report’s authors, Fabrice Dreyfus (SUPAGRO, Montpellier) and Marianne Lefort (Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l’environnement, Paris), will be present at the launch. Salvatore Arico, from UNESCO’s Division of Ecological and Herat Sciences, and Guilhem Calvo, a UNESCO consultant, will also attend. \u00a0\u00abBusiness as usual is no longer an option,\u00bb the report stresses. The first conclusion: while agricultural science and technology has made it possible to greatly increase productivity in the last 50 years, the sharing of benefits has been far from equitable.
\nFurthermore, progress has been achieved in many cases at a high social and environmental cost. The report’s authors therefore recommend that agricultural science place greater emphasis on safeguarding natural resources and on \u00abagroecological\u00bb practices. These include using natural fertilizers and traditional seeds, intensifying natural processes and reducing the distance between agricultural production and the consumer.<\/p>\n

The need for action is urgent. Since March 2007, soybean and wheat prices have increased by 87% and 130% respectively, and global grain stores are today at their lowest level on record. Prices of staple foods such as rice, maize and wheat are expected to continue to rise because of increased demand, especially in China and India, and because of the alternative use of maize and soybeans for bio-fuels. Furthermore, states the report, \u00ab35% of the Earth’s severely degraded land has been damaged by agricultural activities.\u00bb<\/p>\n

In North America and Europe, the amount of agricultural research funded by the private sector has greatly increased, and this has largely determined the direction of the research conducted. Big transnational corporations thus wield considerable influence on agricultural science and its priorities.<\/p>\n

Central and West Asia and North Africa retain a unique agricultural biodiversity, but this is starting to disappear. The region is particularly at risk from climate change and is likely in the coming years to suffer the negative consequences of limited water resources. Already nearly half of its renewable water resources are below the minimum level necessary for development.<\/p>\n

In East and South Asia and the Pacific, the current agricultural development path is leading to increased pollution, notably from nitrogen. Climate change is sure to produce large-scale migratory movements. Between now and 2020, the amount of water available per person will decrease to approximately a third of what it was in 1950 or even less.<\/p>\n

In Latin America and the Caribbean, increased yield from agricultural production has not led to a significant decrease in poverty, which still affects 37% of the population. Importing food has created dependence and disrupted local production. The authors recommend that governments prohibit the consumption and growing of genetically modified organisms in countries that are centres of origin of such crops, in order to prevent contamination and to preserve genetic diversity.<\/p>\n

In Sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture accounts for an average of 32% of the region’s GDP. Water scarcity, however, affects nearly 80% of agricultural land. Loss of genetic diversity represents a problem because a number of species and grains that represent a very small part of global exchange are local food staples.<\/p>\n

The report is the result of three years of cooperation between nearly 400 scientists, the governments of developed and developing countries, and representatives of civil society and the private sector. Its conclusions will be presented for approval to the plenary session of the IAASTD intergovernmental panel that will gather from 7 to 12 April in Johannesburg (South Africa).<\/p>\n

The report will be launched simultaneously in several cities including Washington D.C., London and Nairobi.<\/p>\n

*****<\/p>\n

(*) Launched in 2002 by the World Bank and the United Nations Food and Agricultura Organization (FAO) at the at the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in Johannesburg, the International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD), is concerned with modern science and technology but also with local and traditional know-how and with productivity and the impact of agricultural activities on the environment. The initiative is sponsored by five UN agencies including UNESCO<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

15 de Abril de 2008 Biocombust\u00edveis, safras geneticamente modificadas, uso de tecnologia tradicional, impacto na mudan\u00e7a clim\u00e1tica… Em tempos de alta recorde de pre\u00e7os dos produtos agr\u00edcolas, um relat\u00f3rio apresentado hoje, 15 de abril, na UNESCO relata a necessidade crescente de mudar as regras da agricultura moderna ONU diz que pr\u00e1ticas agr\u00edcolas precisam mudar. Um […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-3128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publicaciones","tag-articulos"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3128"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4301,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128\/revisions\/4301"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.sindominio.net\/mstmadrid\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}